Protected, endangered and endemic plant species on Medvednica


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On Medvednica we find 20 species protected by law, 14 endemic and 93 endangered species.

Out of 20 protected taxa in the area of Nature Park Medvednica, 2 are recorded in literature with unknown localities (*), and for 2 it is doubtful if they even exist in the area of the Park (**).


Anacamptis pyramidalis L. – Pyramidal Orchid


•  Flowers in May and June.
•  Dry meadows, near the edge of the forest, in shrubs, and sunny hills


** Betula pubescens Ehrh. – Downy Birch


•  Flowers in April and May.
•  Plant that likes light


Cephalanthera damasonium (Mill.) Druce – White Helleborine


•  Flowers in May and June.
•  In deciduous forests and underwood (especially beech)


Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch. – Sword-leaved Helleborine


•  Flowers in May and June.
•  In light forests, forest plains, hills covered with shrubs, and seldom on meadows


Cephalanthera rubra (L.) L. C. M. Rich . – Red Helleborine


•  Flowers in June and July.
•  Light, dry deciduous and evergreen forests, edges of forests


** Daphne blagayana Freyer – Blagay's Daphne, Balkan Daphne


•  Flowers in April.
•  Downy oak and hop hornbeam forests


Daphne laureola L. – S purge-laurel


•  Flowers in February, March and April.
•  Mesophile mountain beech forests, but can be found in termophile area of hop and common hornbeam, and termophile deciduous forests


Doronicum orientale Hoffm. (syn. D. caucasicum Bieb.) – Leopard's Bane


•  Flowers in April and May.
•  Mountain beech forest


Eranthis hiemalis (L.) Salisb. – Winterling


•  Flowers in late winter and early spring
•  In the composition of various types of forest vegetation


* Gentiana acaulis L. – Old Gentianella


•  Flowers in (June), July and August
•  On mountain meadows


Ilex aquifolium L . - Holly


•  Flowers in May and June.
•  Can live up to 300 years
•  Beech and beech – fir forests


Lilium carniolicum Bernh. Ex Koch – Carniolan Lily, Golden Apple


•  Flowers in May and June.
•  Mountain meadows, underwood and light forests


Lilium martagon L. – Common Turk's Cap Lily


•  Flowers in June and July.
•  In hidden forest clearings, next to the edge of the forest among shrubs


Paeonia mascula (L.) Mill. – Peony


•  Flowers in April and May.
•  In mountain forests and underwood, seldom on meadows in the mountain area


Platanthera bifolia (L.) Rich. – Lesser Butterfly Orchid


•  Flowers in May and June, pollinated by moths
•  In beech and evergreen forests


Platanthera chlorantha (Custer) Rchb. – Greater Butterfly Orchid


•  Flowers in May and June.
•  Deciduous and evergreen forests, mountain meadows


Primula auricula L. – Alpine Auricula


•  Flowers in early spring
•  Alpine floral element


Ruscus hypoglossum L. – Butcher's Broom


•  Flowers in April and May, berries are ripe in August and September, and remain on the plant during the winter
•  In the composition of mesophile, mountain, beech forests, but also in termophile forests


* Scopolia carniolica Jacq. – Russian Belladonna


•  Flowers in April and May.
•  Moist and shady forests
•  Optimal living conditions finds on humus lime soil in the range of beech forests


Taxus baccata L. – Yew


•  Flowers in March and April.
•  In dark beech and fir forests, abut also in the community with lime or other tree species





ENDEMIC SPECIES (14)  

In the area of Nature Park Medvednica all recorded endemic species are categorized as endemic or sub-endemic :

ENDEMIC – taxa which have its center of distribution in Croatia, and in a smaller part occur in one or couple of countries bordering with Croatia

SUB-ENDEMIC – taxa which have its center of distribution in one or couple of countries bordering with Croatia, and partially occur in Croatia, as well.

 

Achillea virescens (Fenzl) Heimerl
Cardamine kitaibelii Becherer
Cardamine waldsteinii Dyer
Corydalis acaulis (Wulfen) Pers. - Littoral Corydalis
Dianthus ferrugineus Miller ssp. Liburnicus (Bartl.) Tutin
Dianthus giganteus D' Urv ssp. croaticus (Borbás) Tutin – Croatian Pink
Euphrasia illyrica Wettst.
Helleborus atrorubens Waldst. et Kit. - Red Hellebore, Lenten Rose
Helleborus niger L. ssp. macranthus (Freyn) Schiffner – Christmas rose
Iris croatica Horvat et Horvat M. – Croatian Iris
Onosma echioides L. - Yellowdrop
Onosma javorkae Simonk.
Peucedanum coriaceum Rchb.
Sesleria tenuifolia Schrad.





ENDANGERED SPECIES (93)

Especially important are endangered species listed in Red Book of Vascular Flora of Croatia (categorized according to criterion of The World Conservation Union , IUCN)

Red list is one of the fundamental expert bases in nature protection. It shows which species or subspecies are in danger of extinction, and in what degree are they endangered.

International red list can be seen on IUCN web page: www.redlist.org

There are several endangered categories, and the core of the system consists of categories which are in threat of extinction (CR, E and VU). In Nature Park Medvednica those are the following categories:

Critically Endangered, CR (extremely high risk of extinction)
Endangered, EN (very high risk of extinction)
Vulnerable, VU (high risk of extinction)
Near Threatened, NT (not threatened from extinction, but could soon be)
Regionally Extinct, RE (extinct in Croatia )

Endangered category: CRITICALLY ENDANGERED (CR) (6)

Anemone sylvestris L. - Snowdrop Anemone
Betula pubescens Ehrh. - Downy Birch
Corynephorus canescens (L.) P. Beauv. - G ray Clubawn Grass
Myricaria germanica (L.) Desv. - Tamarisk
Vaccaria hispanica (Miller) Rauschert - Cow Soapwort
Ventenata dubia (Leers) Coss. - W iregrass, Hairgrass

Endangered category: ENDANGERED (EN) (15)

Adonis aestivalis L. - Summer Pheasant's Eye
Blackstonia perfoliata (L.) Huds.- Yellow-wort
Carex divisa Huds. - Separated Sedge
Carex echinata Murray - Star Sedge
Carex flava L. - Yellow Sedge
Carex nigra (L.) Reichard - Common Sedge
Carex serotina Mérat – Small-fruited Yellow Sedge
Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soó – Early Marsh Orchid
Dactylorhiza majalis (Rchb) P. F. Hunte t Summerh – Broad-leaved Marsh Orchid
Eleocharis ovata (Roth) Roem. et Schult. - Ovate Spikerush
Eriophorum latifolium Hoppe – Broad-leaved Cottongrass
Gentiana pneumonanthe L. - Marsh Gentian
Hibiscus trionum L. – Bladder Hibiscus
Ophrys apifera Huds. - Bee Orchid
Rhinanthus rumelicus Velen. - Ruttle

Endangered category: VULNERABLE (VU) (32)

Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. - Orange Foxtail
Alopecurus geniculatus L. – Marsh Foxtail, Water Foxtail
Alopecurus rendlei Eig. - Rendle's Meadow Foxtail
Cardaminopsis halleri (L.) Hayek - Rockcress
Carex panicea L. – Carnation Sedge
Carex riparia Curtis – Great Pond-sedge
Cyperus flavescens L. – Yellow Galingale
Cyperus fuscus L. - Brown Galingale
Daphne blagayana Freyer – Blagay's Daphne, Balkan Daphne
Dianthus giganteus D' Urv ssp. Croaticus (Borbás) Tutin – Croatian Pink
Equisetum hyemale L. – Rough Horsetail, Dutch Rush
Glyceria fluitans (L.) R.Br. – Floating Sweet-grass
Glyceria plicata (Fr.) Fr. – Plicate Sweet-grass
Helleborus niger L. ssp. macranthus (Freyn) Schiffner - Christmas Rose
Ilex aquifolium L. - Holly
Iris croatica Horvat et Horvat M. – Croatian Iris
Lilium carniolicum Bernh. ex Koch - Carniolan Lily, Golden Apple
Lilium martagon L. - Common Turk's Cap Lily
Ophrys fuciflora Haller – Late Spider Orchid
Ophrys fusca Link – Sombre Bee Orchid
Ophrys insectifera L. – Fly Orchid
Ophrys sphegodes Mill. – Early Spider Orchid
Orchis coriophora L. – Bug Orchid
Orchis pallens L. – Pale Orchid
Orchis purpurea Huds. – Lady Orchid
Orchis simia Lam. – Monkey Orchid
Orchis tridentata Scop. – Toothed Orchid
Orchis ustulata L. – Burnt-tip Orchid
Platanthera bifolia (L.) Rich. – Lesser Butterfly Orchid
Polygonatum latifolium (Jacq.) Desf. – Broadleaf Solomon's seal
Taxus baccata L. - Yew
Trifolium pannonicum Jacq. – Hungarian Trefoil

Endangered category : REGIONALLY EXTINCT (RE) (2)

Botrychium matricariifolium (Retz.) A. Br. ex Koch- Branched Moonwort




Cuscuta epilinum Weihe – Flax Dodder